10-) Deprem Takozu

Owned by Gokhan Alkan (Unlicensed)
Last updated: Feb 21, 2019 by Seda Ozdemir (Unlicensed)
19 min read

Deprem takozu, küçük ve orta büyüklükte köprülerde ana taşıyıcı kirişler (öngermeli I kiriş) arasında, altyapı yüzeyinde (başlık kirişi ya da kenarayak) konumlanır. Deprem takozunun kullanım amacı, orta büyüklükteki depremlerden ya da çeşitli servis yüklerinden kaynaklanan köprü enine yatay hareketini sınırlandırmak ya da tamamen engellemektir. Deprem takozunun düşey yük dayanımı ve aktarımında rolü yoktur. 


Kullanıcı Parametreleri

Input Parameters 
<O N="GeometricParameters" T="Group">
	<P N="spacing" V="0" D="Kiris ile Takoz Arasındaki Mesafe" Role="Input" UT="Length" UC="CM_KGF" />
	<P N="dt_height" V="700" D="DT Yuksekligi" Role="Input" UT="Length" UC="CM_KGF" />
	<P N="dt_depth_L" V="" D="İlk DT Genisligi" Role="Input" Category="" UT="Length" UC="CM_KGF" />
	<P N="dt_depth_R" V="" D="İkinci DT Genisligi" Role="Input" Category="" UT="Length" UC="CM_KGF" />
	<P N="Girder" V="[Kiris3,Kiris2]" T="KBYS_OngerilmeliIKiris" Role="Input" />
	<O T="ParamInfo" Min="1" Max="2" Required="1" Pick="1" Param="Girder" />
	<O N="Geometry" T="Group" Alignment="Route_SK" AlignH="Warp" AlignV="Warp" AlignT="Warp">
</O>



Gerekli Parametreler

  • Kirişi seçimi (Girder)

                 Hangi kirişi referans alması gerektiğini belirtir.

  • Kiriş ile takoz arasındaki mesafe (spacing) (cm)

                 Deprem takozu için seçilen kirişe olan mesafesini belirtir.

  • İlk deprem takozu genişliği(dt_depth_L)

                 İki altyapı objesine (kenar ayak veya başlık girişi) karşılıklı oluşan deprem takozu objesinin station olarak daha geride olan altyapı üzerindeki genişliğidir. 

  • İkinci deprem takozu genişliği(dt_depth_R)

                 İki altyapı objesine (kenar ayak veya başlık girişi) karşılıklı oluşan deprem takozu objesinin station olarak daha önde olan altyapı üzerindeki genişliğidir. 

  • Takozun yüksekliği (dt_height) (cm)

                 Takozun yukarı yöndeki boyutudur.

  • ParamInfo



3D Geometri

3D Geometry 
<O N="Geometry" T="Project" Alignment="Route_SK" AlignH="Warp" AlignV="Warp" AlignT="Warp">
    <O N="Genel_Parametreler" T="Group">
        <!-- Altyapı objelerindeki verev degeri -->
        <P N="skew_left" V="cos(-SortedList[0].sRad)" />
        <P N="skew_right" V="cos(correction_f*SortedList[1].sRad)" />
        <P N="skew_prt2" V="(dt2_depth_R/2)*tan(correction_f*SortedList[1].sRad)" />
        <P N="Route_SK" V="SubStructure[0].Alignment_.YolAliynmani" />
        <P N="angle" V="tan(-SortedList[0].sRad)" />
        <!-- Kenaryagın yonuyle alakalı duruma gore degisen bir parametre -->
        <P N="correction_f" V="iif(SortedList[1].Direction .NE. 2,-1,+1) " />
        <P N="sk2_width_L" V="SortedList[0].CantileverLength" D="DT Uzunlugu" />
        <P N="sk2_width_R" V="SortedList[1].CantileverLength" D="DT Uzunlugu" />
    </O>
    <O N="Substructure_Elements" T="Group">
        <!-- Altyapi elemanlarının ve mesnetlerin listelenmesi. Ayrıca ters seçime göre ayarlanması -->
        <P N="SubStructure" V="[Girder[0].bearings[0].support,Girder[0].bearings[1].support]" />
        <P N="SortedList" V="sort(SubStructure,x.LocX)" />
        <P N="Srt_Bearing_list1" V="sort(Girder[0].bearings,x.ElastomerPosition[0])" D="First Sorted Mesnet List " />
        <P N="Srt_Bearing_List2" V="sort(Girder[1].bearings,x.ElastomerPosition[0])" D="Second Sorted Mesnet List" />
        <!-- Deprem Takozunun altyapi elemanının sag tarafına mı yoksa sol tarafına mı yerlesecegi hakkında hesaplamalar -->
        <!-- PT1 ve PT2 noktalarına gore iki ayrı mesafe hesaplanır. Hangısı kucukse o tarafa yerlesir. -->
        <P N="first_distance" V="abs(Srt_Bearing_list1[0].ElastomerPosition[1]-SortedList[0].refline.PT1.Y)" />
        <P N="second_distance" V="abs(Srt_Bearing_list1[0].ElastomerPosition[1]-SortedList[0].refline.PT2.Y)" />
    </O>
    <O N="ShearKey_1" T="Group">
        <!-- Tek kiris secildiginde olusan deprem takozu -->
        <P N="Guard" V="length(Girder).EQ.1" />
        <O N="Dimension_Calculation" T="Group">
            <O N="Depth_Size" T="Group">
                <P N="dt1_depth_L" V="iif( dt_depth_L .EQ. 0 , dist_beam_L-2*spacing , dt_depth_L ) " />
                <P N="dt1_depth_R" V="dist_beam_R-2*spacing" />
                <O N="Distance_btw_Girder" T="Group">
                    <P N="dist_beam_L" V="iif(first_distance .LE. second_distance,abs(Srt_Bearing_list1[0].ElastomerPosition[1]-SortedList[0].refline.PT1.Y)-Boundary_Condition_L,abs(Srt_Bearing_list1[0].ElastomerPosition[1]-SortedList[0].refline.PT2.Y)-Boundary_Condition_L)" />
                    <P N="dist_beam_R" V="iif(first_distance .LE. second_distance,abs(Srt_Bearing_list1[1].ElastomerPosition[1]-SortedList[1].refline.PT1.Y)-Boundary_Condition_R,abs(Srt_Bearing_list1[1].ElastomerPosition[1]-SortedList[1].refline.PT2.Y)-Boundary_Condition_R)" />
                </O>
                <P N="depth_L" V="iif(first_distance .LE. second_distance,-dt1_depth_L,dt1_depth_L)" />
                <P N="depth_R" V="iif(first_distance .LE. second_distance,-dt1_depth_R,dt1_depth_R)" />
            </O>
            <O N="Width_Size" T="Group">
                <!-- "Deprem takozu mesnet kaidesinin yanına mı yerlesmeli yoksa kirisin alt flange genisligine mi" kosulumuz bu. -->
                <!-- Tek kiriş seçilirse -->
                <P N="Girder_bfb" V="Girder[0].BeamsType.bfb/2" />
                <P N="B_Pedestal_L" V="Srt_Bearing_list1[0].mky/2" />
                <P N="Boundary_Condition_L" V="max(Girder_bfb,B_Pedestal_L)" />
                <P N="Boundary_Condition_R" V="max(Girder_bfb,B_Pedestal_L)" />
            </O>
            <O N="Delta_Transverse_Calculations" T="Group">
                <!-- "Baslangic" Deprem takozunun (LocX'i kucuk olan deprem takozu) delta hesaplamaları -->
                <P N="center_elevation_S" V="alignT(Route_SK,Start_X_DT1,Start_Y_DT1)" />
                <P N="left_elevation_S" V="alignT(Route_SK,Start_X_DT1,Start_Y_DT1+depth_L)" />
                <P N="delta_Left_S" V="center_elevation_S-left_elevation_S" />
                <P N="delta1" V="iif(delta_Left_S.GT.0 , delta_Left_S , 0)" />
                <P N="delta2" V="iif(delta_Left_S.GT.0 , 0 ,-delta_Left_S)" />
                <!-- "Bitis" Deprem takozunun (LocX'i buyuk olan deprem takozu) delta hesaplamaları -->
                <P N="center_elevation_E" V="alignT(Route_SK,End_X_DT1,End_Y_DT1)" />
                <P N="sol_elevation_E" V="alignT(Route_SK,End_X_DT1,End_Y_DT1+depth_R)" />
                <P N="delta_left_E" V="center_elevation_E-sol_elevation_E" />
                <P N="delta1_S" V="iif(delta_left_E.GT.0, delta_left_E , 0 )" />
                <P N="delta2_S" V="iif(delta_left_E.GT.0,0,-delta_left_E)" />
            </O>
            <O N="Delta_Vertical_Calculations" T="Group">
                <!-- "Baslangic" Deprem takozunun (LocX'i kucuk olan deprem takozu) delta hesaplamaları -->
                <P N="center_height" V="alignV(Route_SK,Start_X,Start_Y)" />
                <P N="forward_height" V="alignV(Route_SK,Start_X+sk2_width_L/2,Start_Y)" />
                <P N="backward_height" V="alignV(Route_SK,Start_X-sk2_width_L/2,Start_Y)" />
                <P N="delta_backward" V="center_height-backward_height" />
                <P N="delta_upward" V="center_height-forward_height" />
                <!-- "Bitis" Deprem takozunun (LocX'i buyuk olan deprem takozu) delta hesaplamaları -->
                <P N="center_h" V="alignV(Route_SK,End_X,End_Y)" />
                <P N="forward_h" V="alignV(Route_SK,End_X+sk2_width_R/2,End_Y)" />
                <P N="backward_h" V="alignV(Route_SK,End_X-sk2_width_R/2,End_Y)" />
                <P N="delta_forwrd" V="center_h-forward_h" />
                <P N="delta_backwrd" V="center_h-backward_h" />
            </O>
            <O N="Shear_Key_1_Volume" T="Group">
                <O N="Coordinate_Calculation" T="Group">
                    <O N="Left_SK1" T="Group">
                        <!-- Karsılıklı olusan iki deprem takozlarının ilk elemanının koordinatları -->
                        <P N="Start_List" V="iif(first_distance .LE. second_distance , SortedList[0].StartRefline , SortedList[0].EndRefline) " />
                        <P N="Start_X_DT1" V="Start_List[0] " />
                        <P N="Start_Y_DT1" V="Start_List[1]" />
                        <P N="Start_Z_DT1" V="Start_List[2]" />
                    </O>
                    <O N="Rigth_SK1" T="Group">
                        <!-- Karsılıklı olusan iki deprem takozlarının ikinci elemanının koordinatları -->
                        <P N="End_List" V="iif(SortedList[1].Direction .NE. 2,iif(first_distance .LE. second_distance, SortedList[1].StartRefline2 , SortedList[1].EndRefline2), iif(first_distance .LE. second_distance, SortedList[1].StartRefline , SortedList[1].EndRefline)) " />
                        <P N="End_X_DT1" V="End_List[0]" />
                        <P N="End_Y_DT1" V="End_List[1]" />
                        <P N="End_Z_DT1" V="End_List[2]" />
                    </O>
                </O>
                <O N="SK1-Left" T="Volume" X="Start_X_DT1" Y="Start_Y_DT1" Z="Start_Z_DT1">
                    <O T="Surface">
                        <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left+(depth_L)*angle" Y="depth_L" Z="0" />
                        <O T="Point" X="-(sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left+(depth_L)*angle" Y="depth_L" Z="0" />
                        <O T="Point" X="-(sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left" Y="0" Z="0" />
                        <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left" Y="0" Z="0" />
                    </O>
                    <O T="Surface">
                        <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left+(depth_L)*angle" Y="depth_L" Z="dt_height+delta1" />
                        <O T="Point" X="-(sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left+(depth_L)*angle" Y="depth_L" Z="dt_height+delta1" />
                        <O T="Point" X="-(sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left" Y="0" Z="dt_height+delta2" />
                        <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left" Y="0" Z="dt_height+delta2" />
                    </O>
                </O>
                <O N="SK1-Rigth" T="Volume" X="End_X_DT1" Y="End_Y_DT1" Z="End_Z_DT1">
                    <O T="Surface">
                        <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_R/2)/skew_right+(depth_R)*tan(correction_f*SortedList[1].sRad)" Y="depth_R" Z="0" />
                        <O T="Point" X="-(sk2_width_R/2)/skew_right+(depth_R)*tan(correction_f*SortedList[1].sRad)" Y="depth_R" Z="0" />
                        <O T="Point" X="-(sk2_width_R/2)/skew_right" Y="0" Z="0" />
                        <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_R/2)/skew_right" Y="0" Z="0" />
                    </O>
                    <O T="Surface">
                        <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_R/2)/skew_right+(depth_R)*tan(correction_f*SortedList[1].sRad)" Y="depth_R" Z="dt_height+delta1_S" />
                        <O T="Point" X="-(sk2_width_R/2)/skew_right+(depth_R)*tan(correction_f*SortedList[1].sRad)" Y="depth_R" Z="dt_height+delta1_S" />
                        <O T="Point" X="-(sk2_width_R/2)/skew_right" Y="0" Z="dt_height+delta2_S" />
                        <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_R/2)/skew_right" Y="0" Z="dt_height+delta2_S" />
                    </O>
                </O>
            </O>
        </O>
    </O>
    <O N="ShearKey_2" T="Group">
        <!-- İki kiris secildiginde olusan deprem takozu -->
        <P N="Guard" V="length(Girder) .EQ. 2" />
        <O N="Dimension_Calculation" T="Group">
            <O N="Depth_Size" T="Group">
                <P N="dt2_depth_L" V="iif( dt_depth_L .EQ. 0 ,  dst_btw_beams_L-2*spacing , dt_depth_L ) " />
                <P N="dt2_depth_R" V="iif( dt_depth_L .EQ. 0 ,  dst_btw_beams_R-2*spacing , dt_depth_R ) " />
                <O N="Distance_btw_Girder" T="Group">
                    <P N="dst_btw_beams_L" V="iif(length(Girder).EQ.2,abs(Srt_Bearing_list1[0].ElastomerPosition[1]-Srt_Bearing_List2[0].ElastomerPosition[1])-b_condition_L,0)" />
                    <P N="dst_btw_beams_R" V="iif(length(Girder).EQ.2,abs(Srt_Bearing_list1[1].ElastomerPosition[1]-Srt_Bearing_List2[1].ElastomerPosition[1])-b_condition_R,0)" />
                </O>
            </O>
            <O N="Width_Size" T="Group">
                <!-- İki kiris arasına yerlesecek olan deprem takozunun genisliginin hesaplanmasında kullanılacak olan sagdaki ve soldaki kirislerin genislikleri -->
                <P N="beams_flange" V="Girder[0].BeamsType.bfb/2+Girder[1].BeamsType.bfb/2" />
                <!-- İki kiris arasına yerlesek olan deprem takozunun genisliginin hesaplamasında kullanılacak olan sagdaki ve soldaki mesnet kaidelerinin genislikleri -->
                <P N="bearing_L" V="Srt_Bearing_list1[0].mky/2+Srt_Bearing_List2[0].mky/2" />
                <!-- Yukarıda hesaplanan degerlerin buyugunun alınmasının sebebi olusacak deprem takozunun kirisle veya kaide ile kesişmemesidir. -->
                <P N="b_condition_L" V="max(beams_flange,bearing_L)" />
                <P N="bearing_R" V="Srt_Bearing_list1[1].mky/2+Srt_Bearing_List2[1].mky/2" />
                <P N="b_condition_R" V="max(beams_flange,bearing_R)" />
            </O>
            <O N="Delta_Transverse_Calculation" T="Group">
                <!-- "Baslangic" Deprem takozunun (LocX'i kucuk olan deprem takozu) delta hesaplamaları -->
                <P N="center_elevation_S" V="alignT( Route_SK , Start_X , Start_Y)" />
                <P N="left_elevation_S" V="alignT(Route_SK,Start_X,Start_Y-dt2_depth_L/2)" />
                <P N="right_elevation_S" V="alignT(Route_SK,Start_X,Start_Y+dt2_depth_L/2)" />
                <P N="delta_left_S" V="center_elevation_S-left_elevation_S" />
                <P N="delta_right_S" V="center_elevation_S-right_elevation_S" />
                <!-- "Bitis" Deprem takozunun (LocX'i buyuk olan deprem takozu) delta hesaplamaları -->
                <P N="center_elevation_E" V="alignT(Route_SK,End_X,End_Y)" />
                <P N="left_elevation_E" V="alignT(Route_SK,End_X,End_Y-dt2_depth_L/2)" />
                <P N="right_elevation_E" V="alignT(Route_SK,End_X,End_Y+dt2_depth_L/2)" />
                <P N="delta_left_E" V="center_elevation_E-left_elevation_E" />
                <P N="delta_right_E" V="center_elevation_E-right_elevation_E" />
            </O>
            <O N="Delta_Vertical_Calculation" T="Group">
                <!-- "Baslangic" Deprem takozunun (LocX'i kucuk olan deprem takozu) delta hesaplamaları -->
                <P N="center_height" V="alignV(Route_SK,Start_X,Start_Y)" />
                <P N="forward_height" V="alignV(Route_SK,Start_X+sk2_width_L/2,Start_Y)" />
                <P N="backward_height" V="alignV(Route_SK,Start_X-sk2_width_L/2,Start_Y)" />
                <P N="delta_backward" V="center_height-backward_height" />
                <P N="delta_upward" V="center_height-forward_height" />
                <!-- "Bitis" Deprem takozunun (LocX'i buyuk olan deprem takozu) delta hesaplamaları -->
                <P N="center_h" V="alignV(Route_SK,End_X,End_Y)" />
                <P N="forward_h" V="alignV(Route_SK,End_X+sk2_width_R/2,End_Y)" />
                <P N="backward_h" V="alignV(Route_SK,End_X-sk2_width_R/2,End_Y)" />
                <P N="delta_forwrd" V="center_h-forward_h" />
                <P N="delta_backwrd" V="center_h-backward_h" />
            </O>
            <O N="SK_2_Volume" T="Group">
                <O N="Coordinate_Calculation" T="Group">
                    <O N="Left_Shear_Key2" T="Group">
                        <P N="start_reference" V="onliner([Srt_Bearing_list1[0].ElastomerPosition,Srt_Bearing_List2[0].ElastomerPosition],0.5)" />
                        <P N="Start_X" V="start_reference[0]" />
                        <P N="Start_Y" V="start_reference[1]" />
                        <P N="Start_Z" V="start_reference[2]" />
                    </O>
                    <O N="Rigth_Shear_Key2" T="Group">
                        <P N="end_reference" V="onliner([Srt_Bearing_list1[1].ElastomerPosition,Srt_Bearing_List2[1].ElastomerPosition],0.5)" />
                        <P N="End_X" V="end_reference[0]" />
                        <P N="End_Y" V="end_reference[1]" />
                        <P N="End_Z" V="end_reference[2]" />
                    </O>
                    <O N="SK2-Left" T="Volume" X="Start_X" Y="Start_Y" Z="Start_Z">
                        <O T="Surface">
                            <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left+(dt2_depth_L/2)*angle" Y="dt2_depth_L/2" Z="0" />
                            <O T="Point" X="(-sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left+(dt2_depth_L/2)*angle" Y="dt2_depth_L/2" Z="0" />
                            <O T="Point" X="(-sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left-(dt2_depth_L/2)*angle" Y="-dt2_depth_L/2" Z="0" />
                            <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left-(dt2_depth_L/2)*angle" Y="-dt2_depth_L/2" Z="0" />
                        </O>
                        <O T="Surface">
                            <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left+(dt2_depth_L/2)*angle" Y="dt2_depth_L/2" Z="dt_height+delta_right_S+delta_upward" />
                            <O T="Point" X="(-sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left+(dt2_depth_L/2)*angle" Y="dt2_depth_L/2" Z="dt_height+delta_right_S+delta_backward" />
                            <O T="Point" X="(-sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left-(dt2_depth_L/2)*angle" Y="-dt2_depth_L/2" Z="dt_height+delta_left_S+delta_backward" />
                            <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_L/2)/skew_left-(dt2_depth_L/2)*angle" Y="-dt2_depth_L/2" Z="dt_height+delta_left_S+delta_upward" />
                        </O>
                    </O>
                    <O N="SK2-Rigth" T="Volume" X="End_X" Y="End_Y" Z="End_Z">
                        <O T="Surface">
                            <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_R/2)/skew_right+(skew_prt2)" Y="dt2_depth_R/2" Z="0" />
                            <O T="Point" X="(-sk2_width_R/2)/skew_right+(skew_prt2)" Y="dt2_depth_R/2" Z="0" />
                            <O T="Point" X="(-sk2_width_R/2)/skew_right-(skew_prt2)" Y="-dt2_depth_R/2" Z="0" />
                            <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_R/2)/skew_right-(skew_prt2)" Y="-dt2_depth_R/2" Z="0" />
                        </O>
                        <O T="Surface">
                            <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_R/2)/cos(-SortedList[1].sRad)+(skew_prt2)" Y="dt2_depth_R/2" Z="dt_height+delta_right_E+delta_forwrd" />
                            <O T="Point" X="(-sk2_width_R/2)/cos(-SortedList[1].sRad)+(skew_prt2)" Y="dt2_depth_R/2" Z="dt_height+delta_right_E+delta_backwrd" />
                            <O T="Point" X="(-sk2_width_R/2)/cos(-SortedList[1].sRad)-(skew_prt2)" Y="-dt2_depth_R/2" Z="dt_height+delta_left_E+delta_backwrd" />
                            <O T="Point" X="(sk2_width_R/2)/cos(-SortedList[1].sRad)-(skew_prt2)" Y="-dt2_depth_R/2" Z="dt_height+delta_left_E+delta_forwrd" />
                        </O>
                    </O>
                </O>
            </O>
        </O>
    </O>
</O>