After each construction stage, the finite element analysis produces results that can be utilized to ensure structural compliance with codes. To create the stages correctly, users must understand the underlying logic. At the start of the stage construction analysis, all structural elements are in an unconstructed state.
Please follow the instructions provided below to construction stages.
| 1 | Navigate to Loading > Construction Stage |     |
| 2 | Begin by defining a construction stage and then enter the preceding stage for that construction stage. | |
| 3 | Ensure that the "Prior Stage" cell is “Null” as the first stage of the construction process does not have a preceding stage. | |
| 4 | To assign the data in the "Construction Method" and "Filter by load type cells" click on the three dot-icon and select the appropriate option from the combobox. | |
| 5 | Enter the data as follows for 1st Stage: Name: BridgeConst Prior Stage: NULL Construction Method: None Filter by Load Type: Dead Active: Yes | |
| 6 | Please repeat steps 2 through 5 to define all of the construction stages in the project. |  |
| 7 | You can make adjustments to the "Time Dependent" tab if you wish. |  |
| 8 | In Staged Construction Analysis, when joints are activated they normally enter at the location that was initially given to them. Joints sometimes need to become active in a location relative to the deformed structure of the model, rather than in an exact position known ahead of time. The construction method option of construction stages specifies how to place a joint relative to the deformed location of other joints.
In Precast I Girder Bridges, deck formwork deforms and follows girder displacements. Therefore deck nodes should be constructed by shifting the node down to match the translational displacement of the girders nodes. This can be achieved with the Construction Method = Equal option of construction stages. 
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| 9 | Navigate to AASHTO N-3N tab. |  |
| 10 | If you wish to modify the modulus of elasticity for each stage, assign a specific material value to the material parameter. Additionally, enter the Composite Section parameter as "long-term" for permanent loads and "short-term" for temporary loads. In this section, the parameter values from "default" will be maintained constant without any changes. | |
| 11 | For the Composite Section parameter refer to AASHTO(2020) 6.10.1.1.1-Stresses. The modular ratio should be taken as = n = E/Ec, where Ec = modulus of elasticity of the concrete. -20221022-123326.png?version=1&modificationDate=1690201161368&cacheVersion=1&api=v2) Short term and long term applications depends on the sequence of loading which results in the stress at the section. Per AASHTO(2020) 6.10.1.1.1b—Stresses for Sections in Positive Flexure For transient loads assumed to be applied to the short-term composite section, the concrete deck area shall be transformed by using the short-term modular ratio, n. For permanent loads assumed applied to the long-term composite section, the concrete deck area shall be transformed by using the long-term modular ratio, 3n. Where moments due to the transient and permanent loads are of opposite sign at the strength limit state, the associated composite section may be used with each of these moments if the resulting net stress in the concrete deck due to the sum of the unfactored moments is compressive. Otherwise, the provisions of Article 6.10.1.1.1c shall be used to determine the stresses in the steel section. Stresses in the concrete deck shall be determined as specified in Article 6.10.1.1.1d. | |
Follow the below steps to copy and paste all inputs from our data set.
| 1 | Navigate to Construction Stage under Loading on the tree view. |
| 2 | Copy Stage, Time Dependent and AASHTO N-3N from model inputs and paste into OpenBrIM. |
Copy the desired data with the automatic copy button in the upper left corner. Click on the first cell in and use the Ctrl+V shortcut to paste.  
If icon won’t appear, collapse page tree menu by clicking on arrow or using shortcut “[”.  While pasting large data, it would be handy to turn of Auto-refresh . 
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Construction Stage | ||
|---|---|---|
Stage | Time Dependent | AASHTO N-3N |
BridgeConst NULL None Dead Yes DeckConst BridgeConst None Dead Yes PileConst DeckConst None Dead Yes FootingConst PileConst None Dead Yes ColumnConst FootingConst None Dead Yes EndBentConst ColumnConst None Dead Yes GirderErection EndBentConst None Dead Yes SIPFormConst GirderErection None Dead Yes DeckConstPour SIPFormConst None Dead Yes DeckConstHard DeckConstPour Equal Dead Yes BarrierConst DeckConstHard None Imposed Dead Yes LiveLoadStage BarrierConst None Live (Vehicular + Impact) Yes WindonStructureStage BarrierConst None Wind on Structure Yes TUExpStage BarrierConst None Temperature Yes TUContStage BarrierConst None Temperature Yes BrakingStage BarrierConst None Braking Yes CentrifugalStage BarrierConst None Centrifugal Yes LLFatigueStage BarrierConst None Live (Vehicular + Impact) Yes WindLLStage DeckConst None Wind on Live Yes LiveLoadStage2 DeckConst None Live (Vehicular + Impact) Yes CentrifugalStage2 DeckConst None Centrifugal Yes WindonStructureStage2 DeckConst None Wind on Structure Yes CollisionStage BarrierConst None Vehicular Collision Yes BrakingStage2 DeckConst None Braking Yes | BridgeConst 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include DeckConst 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include PileConst 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include FootingConst 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include ColumnConst 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include EndBentConst 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include GirderErection 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include SIPFormConst 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include DeckConstPour 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include DeckConstHard 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include BarrierConst 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include LiveLoadStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include WindonStructureStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include TUExpStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include TUContStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include BrakingStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include CentrifugalStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include LLFatigueStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include WindLLStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include LiveLoadStage2 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include CentrifugalStage2 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include WindonStructureStage2 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include CollisionStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include BrakingStage2 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include | BridgeConst NULL NA DeckConst NULL NA PileConst NULL NA FootingConst NULL NA ColumnConst NULL NA EndBentConst NULL NA GirderErection NULL NA SIPFormConst NULL NA DeckConstPour NULL NA DeckConstHard NULL NA BarrierConst NULL NA LiveLoadStage NULL NA WindonStructureStage NULL NA TUExpStage NULL NA TUContStage NULL NA BrakingStage NULL NA CentrifugalStage NULL NA LLFatigueStage NULL NA WindLLStage NULL NA LiveLoadStage2 NULL NA CentrifugalStage2 NULL NA WindonStructureStage2 NULL NA CollisionStage NULL NA BrakingStage2 NULL NA |
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