Load Modifiers
ηD: a factor relating to ductility, as specified in AASHTO Article 1.3.3
ηR: a factor relating to redundancy, as specified in AASHTO Article 1.3.4
ηI: a factor relating to operational classification, as specified in AASHTO Article 1.3.5
The combined loads are multiplied by ηi=ηD*ηR*ηI (load modifier: a factor relating to ductility, redundancy, and operational classification). According to AASHTO 1.3.2.1-2, ηD*ηR*ηI should be greater than or equal to 0.95.
Load Case 1
DC1 (Noncomposite Dead Load):
γ max: Typically 1.25. Maximum Load factor per ASHTO Table 3.4.1-2/DOT amendments
γ min: Typically 0.9. Minimum Load factor per ASHTO Table 3.4.1-2/DOT amendments
DC2 (Composite Dead Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
DW (Wearing Surface-Utilies): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
LL (Vehicular Live Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
LL (Vehicular Braking Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
WS (Wind on Structure): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
WL (Wind on Live Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
TU (Uniform Temperature): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
CE (Vehicular Centrifugal Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
CL (Construction Loads): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
Load Case 2
EV (Vertical Earth Pressure): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
PS (Prestress Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
PL (Pedestrian Live Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
TG (Temperature Gradient): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
WA (Water Load and Stream Pressure): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
IC (Ice Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
EQ (Eartquake Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
CT (Vehicular Collision Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
CV (Vessel Collision Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
LS (Live Load Surcharge): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
Load Case 3
SE (Settlement): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
ES (Earth Surcharge): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
EH (Horizontal Earth Pressure): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
EL (Locked-in Loads): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
CR (Creep Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
SH (Shrinkage Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
DD (Drowndrag Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
FR (Friction Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
BL (Blast Load): (optional)
γ max:
γ min:
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