After each construction stage, the finite element analysis produces results that can be utilized to ensure structural compliance with codes. To create the stages correctly, users must understand the underlying logic. At the start of the stage construction analysis, all structural elements are in an unconstructed state.
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Please follow the instructions provided below to construction stages. |
| 1 | Navigate to Loading > Construction Stage |     |
| 2 | Begin by defining a construction stage and then enter the preceding stage for that construction stage. |
| 3 | Ensure that the "Prior Stage" cell is “Null” as the first stage of the construction process does not have a preceding stage. |
| 4 | To assign the data in the "Construction Method" and "Filter by load type cells" click on the three dot-icon and select the appropriate option from the combobox. |
| 5 | Enter the data as follows for 1st Stage: Name: BridgeConst Prior Stage: NULL Construction Method: None Filter by Load Type: Dead Active: Yes |
| 6 | Please repeat steps 2 through 5 to define all of the construction stages in the project. |  Image Removed Image Added |
| 7 | You can make adjustments to the "Time Dependent" tab if you wish. |  Image Removed | 8 | | Expand |
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| In Staged Construction Analysis, when joints are activated they normally enter at the location that was initially given to them. Joints sometimes need to become active in a location relative to the deformed structure of the model, rather than in an exact position known ahead of time. The construction method option of construction stages specifies how to place a joint relative to the deformed location of other joints. In Precast I Girder Bridges, deck formwork deforms and follows girder displacements. Therefore deck nodes should be constructed by shifting the node down to match the translational displacement of the girders nodes. This can be achieved with the Construction Method = Equal option of construction stages.  |
| 9 | Navigate to AASHTO N-3N tab. | 
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| 10 | If you wish to modify the modulus of elasticity for each stage, assign a specific material value to the material parameter. Additionally, enter the Composite Section parameter as "long-term" for permanent loads and "short-term" for temporary loads. In this section, the parameter values from "default" will be maintained constant without any changes. |
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For the Composite Section parameterrefer to AASHTO(2020) 6.10.1.1.1-Stresses.The modular ratio should be taken as = n = E/Ec, where Ec = modulus of elasticity of the concrete.
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Image RemovedShort term and long term applications depends on the sequence of loading which results in the stress at the section.
Per AASHTO(2020) 6.10.1.1.1b—Stresses for Sections in Positive Flexure
For transient loads assumed to be applied to the short-term composite section, the concrete deck area shall be transformed by using the short-term modular ratio, n. For permanent loads assumed applied to the long-term composite section, the concrete deck area shall be transformed by using the long-term modular ratio, 3n. Where moments due to the transient and permanent loads are of opposite sign at the strength limit state, the associated composite section may be used with each of these moments if the resulting net stress in the concrete deck due to the sum of the unfactored moments is compressive. Otherwise, the provisions of Article 6.10.1.1.1c shall be used to determine the stresses in the steel section. Stresses in the concrete deck shall be determined as specified in Article 6.10.1.1.1d.
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Construction Stage |
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Stage | Time Dependent | AASHTO N-3N |
| Code Block |
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| BridgeConst NULL None Dead Yes
DeckConstGirderErection BridgeConst None Dead Yes
PileConst DeckConst None Dead Yes
FootingConst PileConst None Dead Yes
ColumnConst FootingConst None Dead Yes
EndBentConst ColumnConst None Dead Yes
GirderErection EndBentConst None Dead Yes
SIPFormConst GirderErection None Dead Yes
DeckConstPour SIPFormConst None Dead Yes
DeckConstHard DeckConstPour Equal DeadChange Yes
BarrierConst DeckConstHard None Imposed Dead Yes
FutureWearingStage BarrierConst None Wearing Surface Yes
LiveLoadStage BarrierConstFutureWearingStage None Live (Vehicular + Impact) Yes
WindonStructureStage BarrierConstFutureWearingStage None Wind on Structure Yes
TUExpStage BarrierConstFutureWearingStage None Temperature Yes
TUContStage BarrierConstFutureWearingStage None Temperature Yes
BrakingStage BarrierConstFutureWearingStage None Braking Yes
CentrifugalStage BarrierConstFutureWearingStage None Centrifugal Yes
LLFatigueStageWindonLLStage BarrierConstFutureWearingStage None Live (Vehicular + Impact) Yes
WindLLStage DeckConst None Wind on Live Yes
LiveLoadStage2 DeckConst None Live
(Vehicular + Impact) Yes
CentrifugalStage2 DeckConst None Centrifugal Yes
WindonStructureStage2 DeckConst None Wind on Structure Yes
CollisionStage BarrierConstCollisionStage FutureWearingStage None Vehicular Collision Yes
BrakingStage2 DeckConst None Braking Yes |
| | Code Block |
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| BridgeConst 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
DeckConstGirderErection 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
PileConstSIPFormConst 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
FootingConstDeckConstPour 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
ColumnConstDeckConstHard 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
EndBentConstBarrierConst 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
GirderErection 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
SIPFormConst 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
DeckConstPour 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
DeckConstHard 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
BarrierConst FutureWearingStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
LiveLoadStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
WindonStructureStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
TUExpStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
TUContStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
BrakingStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
CentrifugalStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
LLFatigueStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
WindLLStage WindonLLStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
LiveLoadStage2 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
CentrifugalStage2 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
WindonStructureStage2 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
CollisionStage 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include
BrakingStage2 0.0000 NA 72.0000 80.0000 Include Include Include Include Include |
| | Code Block |
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| BridgeConst NULL NA
DeckConstGirderErection NULL NA
PileConstSIPFormConst NULL NA
FootingConstDeckConstPour NULL NA
ColumnConstDeckConstHard NULL NA
EndBentConstBarrierConst NULL NA
GirderErection NULL NA
SIPFormConst NULL NA
DeckConstPourFutureWearingStage NULL NA
DeckConstHard NULL NA
BarrierConst NULL NA
LiveLoadStage NULL NA
WindonStructureStage NULL NA
TUExpStage NULL NA
TUContStage NULL NA
BrakingStage NULL NA
CentrifugalStage NULL NA
LLFatigueStageWindonLLStage NULL NA
WindLLStage NULL NA
LiveLoadStage2 NULL NA
CentrifugalStage2 NULL NA
WindonStructureStage2 NULL NA
CollisionStage NULL NA
BrakingStage2 NULL NA |
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