After each construction stage, the finite element analysis produces results that can be utilized to ensure structural compliance with codes. To create the stages correctly, users must understand the underlying logic. At the start of the stage construction analysis, all structural elements are in an unconstructed state.

Please follow the instructions provided below to construction stages.

1

Navigate to Loading > Construction Stage

2

Begin by defining a construction stage and then enter the preceding stage for that construction stage.

3

Ensure that the "Prior Stage" cell is “Null” as the first stage of the construction process does not have a preceding stage.

4

To assign the data in the "Construction Method" and "Filter by load type cells" click on the three dot-icon and select the appropriate option from the combobox.

5

Enter the data as follows for 1st Stage:

Name: BridgeConst

Prior Stage: NULL

Construction Method: None

Filter by Load Type: Dead

Active: Yes

6

Please repeat steps 2 through 5 to define all of the construction stages in the project.

7

You can make adjustments to the "Time Dependent" tab if you wish.

8

In Staged Construction Analysis, when joints are activated they normally enter at the location that was initially given to them. Joints sometimes need to become active in a location relative to the deformed structure of the model, rather than in an exact position known ahead of time.

The construction method option of construction stages specifies how to place a joint relative to the deformed location of other joints.

In Precast I Girder Bridges, deck formwork deforms and follows girder displacements. Therefore deck nodes should be constructed by shifting the node down to match the translational displacement of the girders nodes. This can be achieved with the Construction Method = Equal option of construction stages.

9

Navigate to AASHTO N-3N tab.

10

If you wish to modify the modulus of elasticity for each stage, assign a specific material value to the material parameter. Additionally, enter the Composite Section parameter as "long-term" for permanent loads and "short-term" for temporary loads.

In this section, the parameter values from "default" will be maintained constant without any changes.

11

For the Composite Section parameter refer to AASHTO(2020) 6.10.1.1.1-Stresses.

The modular ratio should be taken as = n = E/Ec, where Ec = modulus of elasticity of the concrete.

Short term and long term applications depends on the sequence of loading which results in the stress at the section.

Per AASHTO(2020) 6.10.1.1.1b—Stresses for Sections in Positive Flexure

For transient loads assumed to be applied to the short-term composite section, the concrete deck area shall be transformed by using the short-term modular ratio, n. For permanent loads assumed applied to the long-term composite section, the concrete deck area shall be transformed by using the long-term modular ratio, 3n. Where moments due to the transient and permanent loads are of opposite sign at the strength limit state, the associated composite section may be used with each of these moments if the resulting net stress in the concrete deck due to the sum of the unfactored moments is compressive. Otherwise, the provisions of Article 6.10.1.1.1c shall be used to determine the stresses in the steel section. Stresses in the concrete deck shall be determined as specified in Article 6.10.1.1.1d.

1

Navigate to Construction Stage under Loading on the tree view.

2

Copy Stage, Time Dependent and AASHTO N-3N from model inputs and paste into OpenBrIM.

Construction Stage

Stage

Time Dependent

AASHTO N-3N

BridgeConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
DeckConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
PileConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
FootingConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
ColumnConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
EndBentConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
GirderErection	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
SIPFormConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
DeckConstPour	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
DeckConstHard	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
BarrierConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
LiveLoadStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
WindonStructureStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
TUExpStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
TUContStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
BrakingStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
CentrifugalStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
LLFatigueStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
WindonLiveLoad0Deg_1	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
LiveLoadStage2	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
CentrifugalStage2	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
WindonStructureStage2	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
CollisionStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
BrakingStage2	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
BridgeConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
DeckConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
PileConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
FootingConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
ColumnConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
EndBentConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
GirderErection	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
SIPFormConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
DeckConstPour	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
DeckConstHard	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
BarrierConst	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
LiveLoadStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
WindonStructureStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
TUExpStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
TUContStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
BrakingStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
CentrifugalStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
LLFatigueStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
WindonLiveLoad0Deg_1	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
LiveLoadStage2	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
CentrifugalStage2	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
WindonStructureStage2	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
CollisionStage	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
BrakingStage2	0.0000	NA	72.0000	80.0000	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include
BridgeConst	NULL	NA
DeckConst	NULL	NA
PileConst	NULL	NA
FootingConst	NULL	NA
ColumnConst	NULL	NA
EndBentConst	NULL	NA
GirderErection	NULL	NA
SIPFormConst	NULL	NA
DeckConstPour	NULL	NA
DeckConstHard	NULL	NA
BarrierConst	NULL	NA
LiveLoadStage	NULL	NA
WindonStructureStage	NULL	NA
TUExpStage	NULL	NA
TUContStage	NULL	NA
BrakingStage	NULL	NA
CentrifugalStage	NULL	NA
LLFatigueStage	NULL	NA
WindonLiveLoad0Deg_1	NULL	NA
LiveLoadStage2	NULL	NA
CentrifugalStage2	NULL	NA
WindonStructureStage2	NULL	NA
CollisionStage	NULL	NA
BrakingStage2	NULL	NA